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A recent Supreme Court ruling could further jeopardize EPA’s PFAS hazardous substance designation, as the agency is attempting to advance a novel use of delegated legislative authority to further regulate PFAS chemicals.

On June 28, the Supreme Court issued its opinion in Loper Bright Enterprises v. Raimondo, 603 U.S. ____ (2024), overturning the longstanding doctrine known as “Chevron deference.” Loper Bright substantially expands the ability of federal courts to review and reject federal agencies’ interpretation of statutes.

Not two months before the Court issued its decision in Loper Bright, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) published its long-awaited rule designating two PFAS compounds, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), as “hazardous substances” under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA or Superfund) on May 8, 2024. The Final Rule has significant immediate impacts, which Pillsbury has described in greater depth here, but is also novel in a legal sense: The Final Rule marks the first time that the agency has designated a hazardous substance using its authority under Section 102(a) of CERCLA.

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On April 19, 2024, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) finalized its long-awaited rule designating two PFAS compounds, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), as “hazardous substances” under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA or Superfund). The final rule will take effect 60 days after EPA publishes it in the Federal Register.

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The Biden Administration is continuing its efforts to regulate per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). On April 15, 2024, the White House Office of Management and Budget (OMB) completed its review of an Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) proposal designating two PFAS compounds, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), as “hazardous substances” under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA).

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On April 10, 2024, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) finalized a National Primary Drinking Water Regulation under the Safe Drinking Water Act to establish Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCLs) for five per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS):

  • Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA)
  • Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS)
  • Perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA)
  • Hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid (HFPO-DA, commonly known as GenX)
  • Perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS)

Additionally, EPA required the use of the Hazard Index to establish site-specific limitations for PFAS mixtures of two or more of PFHxS, GenX, PFNA, and perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS).

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The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is continuing its push to regulate per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). Just last week, the agency’s revised PFAS regulations under the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) cleared a key regulatory hurdle and could be finalized in the very near future. Similarly, the agency continues to review stakeholder comments on its proposal to designate two PFAS compounds as hazardous substances, under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA or “Superfund”), and a recent Congressional hearing on EPA’s proposal signals continued interest from Capitol Hill on PFAS issues. EPA also faces a looming deadline; the agency must finalize rules by mid-May or else risk the possibility of the 2024 election causing a change in administration and control of Congress, leading to repeal of rules under the Congressional Review Act (CRA).

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The clock is winding down on businesses interested in commenting on EPA’s proposal to designate nine per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) as hazardous constituents under the Resource Conservation and Recover Act (RCRA). See Listing of Specific PFAS as Hazardous Constituents (89 Fed. Reg. 8,606, Feb. 8, 2023).

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The risks associated with PFAS-containing materials are expanding into new areas, as litigation and regulatory enforcement actions continue to rise. Recent trends suggest that employers who provide fire protection gear to their employees and contractors may find themselves facing potential liabilities.

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